THE PROBLEM OF INTERSUBJECTIVITY AND COMMUNICATIVE RATIONALITY IN MODERN FOREIGN PHILOSOPHY:GENESIS AND PROSPECTS

The purpose of this article is a historical and philosophical analysis of the concepts of representatives of the Western philosophical thought of the XX century addressed to the concepts of intersubjectivity, discursive communication and communicative rationality. To do this, it is necessary to consider the theoretical origins of the modern discussion on the problems of intersubjectivity and communicative rationality, which developed in philosophical discourse in the first half of the 20th century. The research methods used are determined by the specifics of the topic. Hermeneutical methodology, as well as system-structural, comparative and comparative-historical methods were used in writing the work. The main sources were the theoretical heritage of E. Husserl and A. Schutz, the original works of Yu. Habermas, K.-O. Apel and other authors dealing with the problem of communicative rationality in the XX-th century. The founder of phenomenology E. Husserl considers the problem of the constitution of intersubjectivity in the intentional consciousness of the subject, referring to the concept of the natural "life world", his ideas continue to develop in the social phenomenology of A. Schutz. The concept of intersubjectivity is concretized by him through the principles of "reciprocity of perspectives" and the coincidence of systems of "relevance", assuming the identity of our ways of experiencing and interpreting the common social world. The problems of "discursive ethics" and communicative rationality, acting as an alternative to classical rationality, are also considered in the teachings of K.-O. Apel and Yu. Habermas, where, first of all, its philosophical and anthropological implications come to the fore. The article examines the discursive concepts of foreign philosophy of the twentieth century, which are significant for understanding the concepts of personal identity, intersubjectivity and communicative rationality in the context of epistemological issues. Such directions as phenomenology and hermeneutics contributed to the formation of modern ideas about communicative rationality. It is this sphere that acts as a necessary condition for the formation of a truly free personality and today it can be considered as one of the main methods of cognition of reality based on dialogicity, discursivity and rationality, especially in epistemology and post-science.