The author considers the Soviet-Marxist and religious traditions of the study of N. G. Chernyshevsky's philosophy. Also the author raises the problem of the study of materialism in the history of Russian philosophy. It is pointed out that since the end of XX century the scholars of Russian philosophy have neglected materialistic philosophy in favour of idealism and positivism. The author speaks out his desire to come to pluralism in the academic community and suggests a fresh look at the history of Russian philosophy. The author considers the Soviet-Marxist tradition from G. V. Plekhanov to V. S. Nikonenko. The religious tradition is associated primarily with the work of V. V. Zenkovsky, which must be regarded as the most influential for today and also the most representative. The author concludes that Soviet-Marxist scholars have written the most valuable works on N. G. Chernyshevsky's philosophy. The author regarded the chronological perspective of the gradual development of historical and philosophical science in the works of Soviet scholars. The high quality of the works of V. S. Nikonenko is emphasized. It is noted about religious authors that they either groundlessly devalue the philosophy of N. G. Chernyshevsky (because they consider materialism as pseudo-philosophy) or distort it, presenting it as either latently religious or positivist. That's why the main emphasis is dealt with Soviet historical-philosophical works. The author notes a tendency to move gradually away from prejudiced to a critical study of N. G. Chernyshevsky's philosophical ideas. The author outlines a perspective for the further study of N. G. Chernyshevsky's philosophy and philosophy of other materialists, based on the Soviet studies and in connection with the age principle of historical analysis.
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