This article is devoted to the systematization and analysis of communication in the social theory of Niklas Luhmann. Central attention is given to the anthropological dimension that emerges in connection with his theory. Luhmann’s approach is commonly associated with a distancing from humanistic problematics in favor of investigating autonomous social systems. The study examines the presuppositions and consequences that arise from the transition to a non-anthropological model of society and identifies specific marginal spaces in which the significance of human influence is preserved. The methodological framework of the article is based on systems-theoretical analysis combined with elements of conceptual reconstruction and a comparative approach. The research draws on Luhmann’s key texts, primarily «What is Communication?» and «The Improbability of Communication» as well as works on the theory of autopoiesis and functional differentiation of society. Additionally, materials related to Luhmann’s debate with Jürgen Habermas are incorporated. The study demonstrates that the exclusion of the anthropological element from Luhmann’s analysis generates a number of theoretical tensions that are subsequently addressed within critical theories of communication.
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