SUBJECTIVE POSITING OF TRUTH: A BRIEF ALANYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF PURE FORMS OF LOGIC, MORALITY, AND AESTHETICS IN IMMANUEL KANTS’S CRITICAL PHILOSOPHY

The article examines the critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant, as fundamentally articulated in his three Critiques. The perspective of the analysis is defined within the context of investigating the problematics of the concept of truth. A systematic study of each of Kant’s aforementioned works has allowed the author to substantiate the initial thesis of the article: the triunity of truth in the forms of truth per se, goodness, and beauty – from the standpoint of their subjective positing. Using historical material as an example, the paper demonstrates the viewpoint of subjectivity, which significantly characterizes German classical philosophy. The specificity of the concept of the transcendental is elucidated. It is noted that transcendental investigations in the Critique of Pure Reason substantiate the a priori character of human activity in the spheres of science, morality, and aesthetics. In analyzing the Critique of Pure Reason, the Critique of Practical Reason, and the Critique of the Power of Judgment, the author employs a deductive-inductive methodology supplemented by elements of comparative analysis of each work. The leading principle of the research is the concept of a test instance of the truthfulness of forms, which facilitated the identification of various definitions of the criterion of truth systematically proposed by Kant in the domains of science, ethics, and aesthetics. The research draws on the works of I. Kant, G. W. F. Hegel, F. W. J. Schelling, as well as selected historico-philosophical materials by Yu. V. Perov, a Russian scholar of German classical philosophy. It is established that Kant consistently overcomes the extremes of empiricism and rationalism by investigating the activity of the subject, who posits various forms of truth in their unity not arbitrarily but in accordance with laws. The article concludes that each of the three Critiques contains key points that allow for the identification of the unity of these forms of truth. It is argued that further research is needed on this basis regarding the issues Kantian philosophy formulates as the construction of a system of metaphysical concepts. Additionally, it is posited that this logical-methodological justification of the system of categories of logic potentially holds cognitive value for all sciences.